Introduction Minhaj al-Talibin of Nawawi
Introduction Minhaj al-Talibin of Imam Nawawi In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate Glory to God, the good, the generous,
Title of book: Minhaj al-Talibin wa Umdat al-Muftin (منهاج الطالبين وعمدة المفتين في الفقه)
Author: Imam Nawawi
Full name: Imam Muhyiddin Abi Zakariyya Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (أبو زكريا يحيى بن شرف بن مُرِّيِّ بن حسن بن حسين بن محمد جمعة بن حِزام الحزامي النووي الشافعي)
Born: Muharram 631 AH/ October 1233 Nawa, Ayyubid Sultanate
Died: 24 Rajab 676 AH [9]/ 21 December 1277 (age 45) Nawa, Mamluk Sultanate
Resting place: Nawa, present Syria
Translated into English by: E. C. HOWARD
Field of study: sharia, Islamic law, fiqh, Islamic jurisprudence of Shafi'i's school of thought
Type of literature: classical Arabic
Contents
- Introduction
- Return to: Minhaj al-Talibin of Imam Nawawi
مقدمة المؤلف
AUTHOR INTRODUCTION
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الْبَرِّ الْجَوَادِ، الَّذِي جَلَّتْ
نِعَمُهُ عَنْ الْإِحْصَاءِ بِالْأَعْدَادِ، الْمَانُّ بِاللُّطْفِ
وَالْإِرْشَادِ، الْهَادِي إلَى سَبِيلِ الرَّشَادِ، الْمُوَفِّقُ لِلتَّفَقُّهِ
فِي الدِّينِ مَنْ لَطَفَ بِهِ وَاخْتَارَهُ مِنْ الْعِبَادِ.
In the Name of God, the Merciful,
the Compassionate Glory to God, the good,
the generous, whose blessings are too
manifold to be numbered ; who poureth
forth abundantly His grace and His
justice, Who leadeth us in the right
way ; Who maketh to profit in the
study of the divine law those His
servants towards whom He showeth kindness,
and whom He hath chosen.
أَحْمَدُهُ أَبْلَغَ حَمْدٍ وَأَكْمَلَهُ، وَأَزْكَاهُ وَأَشْمَلَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ
أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْغَفَّارُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ
مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، الْمُصْطَفَى الْمُخْتَارُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَزَادَهُ فَضْلاً وَشَرَفًا لَدَيْهِ.
To Him I offer praise the most high, the most perfect, the most pure, the most complete. I bear witness that there is none other god but He alone, whose power none shareth ; that He is the One that loveth to pardon. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His preferred and chosen Apostle. God grant him His grace and His blessing, and crown him in heaven with favour and honour.
أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ الِاشْتِغَالَ بِالْعِلْمِ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ الطَّاعَاتِ،
وَأَوْلَى مَا أُنْفِقَتْ فِيهِ نَفَائِسُ الْأَوْقَاتِ، وَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ
أَصْحَابُنَا رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ التَّصْنِيفِ مِنْ الْمَبْسُوطَاتِ
وَالْمُخْتَصَرَاتِ، وَأَتْقَنَ مُخْتَصَرَ الْمُحَرَّرِ لِلْإِمَامِ أَبِي
الْقَاسِمِ الرَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ذِي التَّحْقِيقَاتِ، وَهُوَ
كَثِيرُ الْفَوَائِدِ، عُمْدَةٌ فِي تَحْقِيقِ الْمَذْهَبِ، مُعْتَمَدٌ
لِلْمُفْتِي وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أُولِي الرَّغَبَاتِ،
Now, the best way to manifest
obedience towards God and make right
use of precious time is assuredly to
devote oneself to the study of the
law. And many of our learned men
of blessed memory have already published
with this object concise but exhaustive
works, of which in my opinion the
best is the Moharrar of the imam
Abu Kasim al-Rafi'i, an authority whose accuracy
is beyond question. It is a book of
the very greatest usefulness, upon whose
authority may rely not only the jurist
anxious to ascertain the veritable
doctrine of our school, but also any
other person who seeks to instruct
himself by obtaining information from it.
وَقَدْ الْتَزَمَ مُصَنِّفُهُ
رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَنُصَّ عَلَى مَا صَحَّحَهُ مُعْظَمُ الْأَصْحَابِ
وَوَفَّى بِمَا الْتَزَمَهُ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهَمِّ أَوْ أَهَمِّ الْمَطْلُوبَاتِ
لَكِنْ فِي حَجْمِهِ كِبَرٌ يَعْجِزُ عَنْ حِفْظِهِ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعَصْرِ
إلَّا بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِنَايَاتِ، فَرَأَيْت اخْتِصَارَهُ فِي نَحْوِ نِصْفِ
حَجْمِهِ، لِيَسْهُلَ حِفْظُهُ مَعَ مَا أُضَمِّنُهُ إلَيْهِ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
تَعَالَى مِنْ النَّفَائِسِ الْمُسْتَجِدَّاتِ: مِنْهَا التَّنْبِيهُ عَلَى
قُيُودٍ فِي بَعْضِ الْمَسَائِلِ هِيَ مِنْ الْأَصْلِ مَحْذُوفَاتٌ، وَمِنْهَا
مَوَاضِعُ يَسِيرَةٌ ذَكَرَهَا فِي الْمُحَرَّرِ عَلَى خِلَافِ الْمُخْتَارِ فِي
الْمَذْهَبِ كَمَا سَتَرَاهَا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَاضِحَاتٍ، وَمِنْهَا
إبْدَالُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَلْفَاظِهِ غَرِيبًا، أَوْ مُوهِمًا خِلَافَ الصَّوَابِ
بِأَوْضَحَ وَأَخْصَرَ مِنْهُ بِعِبَارَاتٍ جَلِيَّاتٍ، وَمِنْهَا بَيَانُ
الْقَوْلَيْنِ وَالْوَجْهَيْنِ وَالطَّرِيقَيْنِ وَالنَّصِّ، وَمَرَاتِبُ
الْخِلَافِ فِي جَمِيعِ الْحَالَاتِ.
Rafii intended to include in his
work nothing which had not already been
established by the majority of
authorities, and he may be said to
have remained faithful to this programme,
in spite of the great difficulty of
carrying it out.
Its prolixity,
however, is an obstacle to this work
being learnt by heart, except perhaps by
some persons who devote themselves exclusively
to the study of law, and
consequently it appear to me to be
useful to compose an abridgment of it,
in length not more than about half
of the original volume, but introducing —
if God will — some improvements.
In
the number of these improvements should
principally be mentioned the four following :
In the first place, I have everywhere
indicated the reservations, that are sometimes
not indicated in the Moharrar.
Secondly, it will be easy for me
to quote from the Moharrar several
passages in manifest opposition to the
doctrine preferred in our school, as
the reader will see, if it please
God. In the third place, I shall replace
by others clearer and more correct
all the little used expressions employed
by Rafii, as well as those that
might suggest erroneous ideas, either because he
wished to be too explicit, or
because he was not sufficiently so
Finally, in cases where there is
divergence of opinion among authorities I shall
give an impartial exposition of the
two opposing theories, the two sides from
which one may consider the question
in dispute, and the two methods of
reasoning adopted in order to solve it ;
and then I will also, where there is
occasion for it, quote separately the
decisions of our imam Shafii, and
note the relative value of the different
appreciations.
فَحَيْثُ أَقُولُ: فِي
الْأَظْهَرِ أَوْ الْمَشْهُورِ فَمِنْ الْقَوْلَيْنِ أَوْ الْأَقْوَالِ، فَإِنْ
قَوِيَ الْخِلَافُ قُلْت الْأَظْهَرُ وَإِلَّا فَالْمَشْهُورُ، وَحَيْثُ أَقُولُ
الْأَصَحُّ أَوْ الصَّحِيحُ فَمِنْ الْوَجْهَيْنِ أَوْ الْأَوْجُهِ، فَإِنْ
قَوِيَ الْخِلَافُ قُلْت: الْأَصَحُّ وَإِلَّا فَالصَّحِيحُ، وَحَيْثُ
أَقُولُ: الْمَذْهَبُ فَمِنْ الطَّرِيقَيْنِ أَوْ الطُّرُقِ، وَحَيْثُ
أَقُولُ: النَّصُّ فَهُوَ نَصُّ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَيَكُونُ
هُنَاكَ وَجْهٌ ضَعِيفٌ أَوْ قَوْلٌ مُخَرَّجٌ، وَحَيْثُ أَقُولُ: الْجَدِيدُ
فَالْقَدِيمُ خِلَافُهُ، أَوْ الْقَدِيمُ، أَوْ فِي قَوْلٍ قَدِيمٍ فَالْجَدِيدُ
خِلَافُهُ، وَحَيْثُ أَقُولُ: وَقِيلَ كَذَا فَهُوَ وَجْهٌ ضَعِيفٌ
وَالصَّحِيحُ أَوْ الْأَصَحُّ خِلَافُهُ، وَحَيْثُ أَقُولُ: وَفِي قَوْلٍ كَذَا
فَالرَّاجِعُ خِلَافُهُ.
وَمِنْهَا مَسَائِلُ نَفِيسَةٌ أَضُمُّهَا إلَيْهِ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ لَا يُخَلَّى الْكِتَابُ مِنْهَا وَأَقُولُ فِي أَوَّلِهَا قُلْت، وَفِي آخِرِهَا، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَمَا وَجَدْتَهُ مِنْ زِيَادَةِ لَفْظَةٍ وَنَحْوِهَا عَلَى مَا فِي الْمُحَرَّرِ فَاعْتَمِدْهَا فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا، وَكَذَا مَا وَجَدْتَهُ مِنْ الْأَذْكَارِ مُخَالِفًا لِمَا فِي الْمُحَرَّرِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْفِقْهِ فَاعْتَمِدْهُ فَإِنِّي حَقَّقْتُهُ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْحَدِيثِ الْمُعْتَمَدَةِ، وَقَدْ أُقَدِّمُ بَعْضَ مَسَائِلِ الْفَصْلِ لِمُنَاسَبَةٍ أَوْ اخْتِصَارٍ، وَرُبَّمَا قَدَّمْت فَصْلاً لِلْمُنَاسَبَةِ، وَأَرْجُو إنْ تَمَّ هَذَا الْمُخْتَصَرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مَعْنَى الشَّرْحِ لِلْمُحَرَّرِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَحْذِفُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ الْأَحْكَامِ أَصْلاً وَلَا مِنْ الْخِلَافِ وَلَوْ كَانَ وَاهِيًا مَعَ مَا أَشَرْت إلَيْهِ مِنْ النَّفَائِسِ وَقَدْ شَرَعْت فِي جَمْعِ جُزْءٍ لَطِيفٍ عَلَى صُورَةِ الشَّرْحِ لِدَقَائِقِ هَذَا الْمُخْتَصَرِ، وَمَقْصُودِي بِهِ التَّنْبِيهُ عَلَى الْحِكْمَةِ فِي الْعُدُولِ عَنْ عِبَارَةِ الْمُحَرَّرِ، وَفِي إلْحَاقِ قَيْدٍ أَوْ حَرْفٍ أَوْ شَرْطٍ لِلْمَسْأَلَةِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَأَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الضَّرُورِيَّاتِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا.
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَرِيمِ اعْتِمَادِي، وَإِلَيْهِ تَفْوِيضِي وَاسْتِنَادِي، وَأَسْأَلُهُ النَّفْعَ بِهِ لِي وَلِسَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرِضْوَانَهُ عَنِّي، وَعَنْ أَحِبَّائِي وَجَمِيعِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
وَمِنْهَا مَسَائِلُ نَفِيسَةٌ أَضُمُّهَا إلَيْهِ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ لَا يُخَلَّى الْكِتَابُ مِنْهَا وَأَقُولُ فِي أَوَّلِهَا قُلْت، وَفِي آخِرِهَا، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَمَا وَجَدْتَهُ مِنْ زِيَادَةِ لَفْظَةٍ وَنَحْوِهَا عَلَى مَا فِي الْمُحَرَّرِ فَاعْتَمِدْهَا فَلَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا، وَكَذَا مَا وَجَدْتَهُ مِنْ الْأَذْكَارِ مُخَالِفًا لِمَا فِي الْمُحَرَّرِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْفِقْهِ فَاعْتَمِدْهُ فَإِنِّي حَقَّقْتُهُ مِنْ كُتُبِ الْحَدِيثِ الْمُعْتَمَدَةِ، وَقَدْ أُقَدِّمُ بَعْضَ مَسَائِلِ الْفَصْلِ لِمُنَاسَبَةٍ أَوْ اخْتِصَارٍ، وَرُبَّمَا قَدَّمْت فَصْلاً لِلْمُنَاسَبَةِ، وَأَرْجُو إنْ تَمَّ هَذَا الْمُخْتَصَرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مَعْنَى الشَّرْحِ لِلْمُحَرَّرِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَحْذِفُ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ الْأَحْكَامِ أَصْلاً وَلَا مِنْ الْخِلَافِ وَلَوْ كَانَ وَاهِيًا مَعَ مَا أَشَرْت إلَيْهِ مِنْ النَّفَائِسِ وَقَدْ شَرَعْت فِي جَمْعِ جُزْءٍ لَطِيفٍ عَلَى صُورَةِ الشَّرْحِ لِدَقَائِقِ هَذَا الْمُخْتَصَرِ، وَمَقْصُودِي بِهِ التَّنْبِيهُ عَلَى الْحِكْمَةِ فِي الْعُدُولِ عَنْ عِبَارَةِ الْمُحَرَّرِ، وَفِي إلْحَاقِ قَيْدٍ أَوْ حَرْفٍ أَوْ شَرْطٍ لِلْمَسْأَلَةِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَأَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الضَّرُورِيَّاتِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا.
وَعَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَرِيمِ اعْتِمَادِي، وَإِلَيْهِ تَفْوِيضِي وَاسْتِنَادِي، وَأَسْأَلُهُ النَّفْعَ بِهِ لِي وَلِسَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرِضْوَانَهُ عَنِّي، وَعَنْ أَحِبَّائِي وَجَمِيعِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
In order to avoid any
subsequent misunderstanding I hereby notify the
reader that in the course of the
work I shall employ the words el adhhar
and el masiiur to designate the
doctrine which appears to me preferable,
with this difference that I shall use
el adhhar wherever the doctrine I reject
is widely accepted, but otherwise el
mashur. Similarly the words el asahh and
es sahih will indicate what, in my
opinion, is the better way of regarding
and resolving a question ; with this difference
that where there are to be found
authorities of repute who incline to the
contrary opinion, I shall use the word
el asahh , but otherwise es sahih . The word
el mazhab will indicate the system which
merits the preference in our school ; while
en nass will denote the personal opinion
of our imam Shafii, even where his
reasoning may appear to me to be
weak, or in the case of an
isolated decision. The word el-jedid means
that in his first period, i.e . during
his stay in Irak, Shafii was of the
contrary opinion ; and the words el-kadim
zm&ft kawl kadim indicate that the
theory quoted was abandoned by that
imam in his second period, i.e . during
his stay in Egypt. The expression
kil kaza denotes that this way of
regarding and resolving a question is not
to be recommended, and that most
authorities come to another conclusion, whether
the method I disapprove is or is not
defended by authorities of repute ;
and I employ the words fi kawl to mean that nearly all authorities have expressed the contrary opinion. And lastly, I must warn the reader that I begin all insertions of my own by the word kultu , and terminate them by the phrase wallahu aalam.
In case of words or orthographic signs that have been added or intercalated, the reader may rely upon it that the matter was incontestable and the insertion absolutely necessary. Similarly, wherever he may meet with a form of glorifying God differing from that in the Moharrar or other books upon jurisprudence, he may rest assured that I have verified it from the most authoritative collections of traditions.
And, finally, to some questions I have assigned another place in their section, without keeping to the order in the Moharrar, either because I thought them better placed so, or because I wished to be more concise. I have even taken the liberty to invert the order of whole sections, in order to improve the general arrangement.
In consequence of what I have said I hope that this abstract will be at the same time a veritable commentary upon the Moharrar ; for, on the one hand, I have omitted absolutely none of the rules and controversies discussed in that work, however small their importance, and, on the other hand, I believe that I have considerably improved it.
Moreover, I have already begun a work which will contain a discussion of all the debatable points in this abstract, a work in which I explain why I have sometimes had to depart from the text of the Moharrar, and sometimes added a reservation or a conditional modification, etc. But in almost all cases these changes were absolutely necessary and indisputable.
God, the generous, is my sole helper ; in Him I put my trust ; upon Him I lean. To Him I address my prayer, that He may cause to grow from my labour some benefit to myself and to all other believers ; that He may be satisfied with me, my friends, and all the faithful.
NOTE (SEE INTRODUCTION)
The following four signs indicate doctrines considered by Nawawi to be preferable to the contrary opinion.
* = adhhar (clearer), where the doctrine rejected is widely accepted.
** = maslihur (well known), where this is not the case,
f = asalih (surer), where the contrary is maintained by authorities of repute.
ft = saliih (authentic), where this is not so.
(The signs immediately precede the passages to which they relate.)
The personal opinions of Nawawi are inclosed in square brackets [ ].
and I employ the words fi kawl to mean that nearly all authorities have expressed the contrary opinion. And lastly, I must warn the reader that I begin all insertions of my own by the word kultu , and terminate them by the phrase wallahu aalam.
In case of words or orthographic signs that have been added or intercalated, the reader may rely upon it that the matter was incontestable and the insertion absolutely necessary. Similarly, wherever he may meet with a form of glorifying God differing from that in the Moharrar or other books upon jurisprudence, he may rest assured that I have verified it from the most authoritative collections of traditions.
And, finally, to some questions I have assigned another place in their section, without keeping to the order in the Moharrar, either because I thought them better placed so, or because I wished to be more concise. I have even taken the liberty to invert the order of whole sections, in order to improve the general arrangement.
In consequence of what I have said I hope that this abstract will be at the same time a veritable commentary upon the Moharrar ; for, on the one hand, I have omitted absolutely none of the rules and controversies discussed in that work, however small their importance, and, on the other hand, I believe that I have considerably improved it.
Moreover, I have already begun a work which will contain a discussion of all the debatable points in this abstract, a work in which I explain why I have sometimes had to depart from the text of the Moharrar, and sometimes added a reservation or a conditional modification, etc. But in almost all cases these changes were absolutely necessary and indisputable.
God, the generous, is my sole helper ; in Him I put my trust ; upon Him I lean. To Him I address my prayer, that He may cause to grow from my labour some benefit to myself and to all other believers ; that He may be satisfied with me, my friends, and all the faithful.
NOTE (SEE INTRODUCTION)
The following four signs indicate doctrines considered by Nawawi to be preferable to the contrary opinion.
* = adhhar (clearer), where the doctrine rejected is widely accepted.
** = maslihur (well known), where this is not the case,
f = asalih (surer), where the contrary is maintained by authorities of repute.
ft = saliih (authentic), where this is not so.
(The signs immediately precede the passages to which they relate.)
The personal opinions of Nawawi are inclosed in square brackets [ ].